Startups are preparing for the launch of space-based solar power .

Electrical engineer Ed Tate was skeptical of proposals for space-based solar power when he initially heard about the concept seven years ago.

“My first reaction was, ‘That really sounds like science fiction. I don’t think that will work,’” Tate said in March at the Satellite 2025 conference.

Now, Tate said, he’s “personally invested in making it happen” as chief technology officer for Virtus Solis Technologies, a Michigan startup planning to assemble a solar array in orbit in 2027.

Incremental progress

Tate is not alone in reconsidering the promise of space-based solar power (SBSP). Long deemed unaffordable because of the massive orbital infrastructure required, SBSP is gaining credibility as the SpaceX Starship and Blue Origin New Glenn seem poised to slash launch costs and offer room for modular SBSP antennas. Those antennas could be connected robotically in geostationary orbit to form kilometer-scale arrays.

In recent years, solar champions have focused on incremental progress, breaking down technical hurdles to make the concept more feasible instead of racing to establish space solar farms.

The Air Force Research Laboratory and Northrop Grumman, for example, proved the ability to beam radio-frequency energy toward various antennas in 2022 ground testing.

Florida startup Star Catcher demonstrated a similar feat March 21, sending concentrated sunlight more than 100 meters to power off-the-shelf solar arrays. China’s dominant satellite builder, China Academy of Space Technology, is preparing to demonstrate high-voltage transfer and wireless-power transmission from a spacecraft in low Earth orbit in 2028. And the United Kingdom plans to launch a space-based solar power prototype by 2030.

“Space solar has been a difficult challenge to solve, not just because of the engineering side, but also the finance side,” Tate said. “Interest in some of these incremental solutions is turning it into an investment class.”
Early revenue

Companies also are bringing in money from SBSP component and subsystem development.

With 1.2 million pounds ($1.6 million) in U.K. government funding, Space Solar Ltd. is working with the University of Cambridge to develop lightweight thin-film gallium arsenide photovoltaics for Constant Aperture, Solid-State, Integrated, Orbital Phased Array (Cassiopeia), a lightweight microwave antenna for SBSP.

Reducing the weight of antennas and making sure they can be packed tightly in a rocket fairing are critically important tasks because launch costs, while falling, remain a major capital expenditure.

“It’s not just about mass, it’s about volume as well,” said Martin Soltau, the co-CEO of Space Solar.

Space alliances hold strong despite broader geopolitical tensions. Officials insist that U.S. and allies are keeping space cooperation on track .

Despite ongoing trade disputes and disagreements between Washington and European capitals over Ukraine strategy, U.S. Space Force officials said international space cooperation remains largely unaffected by these broader tensions.

“It’s been business as usual in terms of the collaboration with the partners and allies this week,” said Air Marshal Paul Godfrey, former commander of the U.K. Space Command who currently serves at the Pentagon on the U.S. Space Force staff as assistant chief of space operations for future concepts and partnerships.

“The space domain is different to the other domains,” he told reporters April 9 at the Space Symposium, suggesting that rifts that affect other aspects of transatlantic cooperation don’t impact space issues as much.

This resilience of space partnerships mirrors previous instances where space collaboration has transcended geopolitical conflicts. A notable example is NASA and Russia’s continued joint operations at the International Space Station after the U.S. and Russia severed many other relationships following Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
Saltzman to meet with military chiefs

Gen. Chance Saltzman, chief of space operations of the U.S. Space Force, echoed this sentiment while speaking to reporters alongside Godfrey. He emphasized the importance of maintaining and strengthening international partnerships.

Saltzman this week is hosting an annual meeting with military air and space leaders from around the world. He used a keynote address at the Space Symposium to emphasize the Space Force’s push to deepen international partnerships, a move he said is essential to staying ahead of threats and maintaining technological interoperability.

“With regard to military-to-military relationships,” said Saltzman, “especially with my counterparts that I deal with on routine basis, just as as the air marshal said, ‘it’s business as usual.'”

“We’re still discussing the same challenges,” he said, including declassification concerns and initiatives for joint training and educational courses.

When addressing European cooperation specifically, Saltzman emphasized that the U.S. approach remains NATO-centric. “That’s really what we support,” he said.

The Space Force chief also noted the strategic advantages of these partnerships, pointing out that European allies are making significant investments in space technologies and have developed vibrant commercial space industries that the U.S. can leverage.

TAMPA, Fla. — International space agencies stressed the importance of partnerships with the United States and each other at the Space Symposium April 9, as geopolitical shifts and an escalating trade war challenge the space industry.

The annual gathering in Colorado Springs, Colorado, came at a time when heightened tensions between major space powers are creating uncertainty over future collaborations and investments.

Agency leaders emphasized that strong, cooperative relationships are essential for achieving ambitious missions and ensuring space remains a peaceful domain for exploration and commerce.

Representatives from Germany, Japan, France, Israel, Australia and India highlighted the critical role of shared innovation, scientific research and infrastructure as they outlined visions for their space programs.

The discussions underscored a collective recognition that mutual trust and coordinated action are key to addressing both global challenges and opportunities in space exploration and technology development.

Protecting the Artemis generation

Walther Pelzer, head of Germany’s space agency, highlighted the country’s partnership with NASA through the Artemis lunar program as he emphasized the critical role of international commitments.

He welcomed NASA’s ongoing commitment to the Artemis lunar exploration campaign as Mars grows in priority within the U.S. administration.

“What I learned so far is that Mars is a goal, but Moon is the next step,” Pelzer said.

“And from my point of view, this is extremely important that we stick this way, because I do not want to picture another foot on the moon other than a U.S. one as the next one,” pointing to concerns about potentially ceding ground to China.

A U.S.-Russian crew of 3 arrives at the International Space Station.

#MOSCOW — NASA astronaut Jonny Kim and two Russian crewmates arrived at the International Space Station on Tuesday on board a Russian spacecraft.

A Soyuz booster rocket lifted off as scheduled from the Russia-leased Baikonur launch facility in Kazakhstan to put the Soyuz MS-27 carrying the trio in orbit. They docked at the station just over three hours later.

Kim and Russia’s Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky are scheduled to spend about eight months at the space outpost.

NASA said Kim will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare the crew for future space missions and provide benefits to people on Earth. A native of Los Angeles, Kim is a U.S. Navy lieutenant commander and dual-designated naval aviator and flight surgeon.

Kim, Ryzhikov and Zubritsky are joining NASA astronauts Don Pettit, Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s astronaut Takuya Onishi and Russian cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, Ivan Vagner and Kirill Peskov on the space outpost.

#Airbus wins contract for ExoMars lander platform ,
Airbus Defence and Space will build the landing platform for the European Space Agency’s #ExoMars rover, replacing a critical component originally to be provided by Russia.

Airbus announced late March 28 (Eastern time) that it was selected by ESA and Thales Alenia Space, the prime contractor for the mission, to build the landing platform for that rover mission, scheduled to launch in 2028.

The landing platform is the part of the ExoMars spacecraft that handles the final phases of its descent to the Martian surface in 2030, including performing the final landing burn. After landing, the platform will deploy ramps to allow the ExoMars rover, named Rosalind Franklin, to roll onto the Martian surface.

Airbus did not disclose the value of the contract, but the U.K. government stated it was worth £150 million ($194 million). ESA awarded a contract worth 522 million euros ($565 million) to Thales Alenia Space in April 2024 to restart work on the mission, which was paused in March 2022 weeks after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Russia was to provide the landing platform as well as launch the mission on a Proton rocket.

“Getting the Rosalind Franklin rover onto the surface of Mars is a huge international challenge and the culmination of more than 20 years’ work,” Kata Escott, managing director of Airbus Defence and Space U.K., in a statement about the award. Airbus will build the landing platform at its facility in Stevenage, England, where it also assembled the Rosalind Franklin rover.

“We are proud to have built the rover in our state-of-the-art Stevenage clean room and delighted now to develop the project to ensure its safe delivery to Mars,” she said.

#Geopolitical shifts are driving government interest in Telesat’s low Earth orbit plans, according to the Canadian operator, validating its move beyond geostationary satellites as LEO frontrunner Starlink erodes its legacy broadband business.

Rising global defense priorities and a push for sovereign-controlled communications are making customer demand for Lightspeed “much more concrete” and urgent, Telesat CEO Dan Goldberg said during a March 27 earnings call.

Telesat has disclosed a revenue backlog of 600 million Canadian dollars ($419 million) for Lightspeed, comprising mostly a commitment from Canada’s federal government in 2020 to provide subsidized broadband services to rural communities.

However, Goldberg said it is very likely LEO commitments will surpass the 1.1 billion Canadian dollar backlog Telesat recorded for its geostationary orbit (GEO) business at the end of 2024.

“We’re having some advanced discussions with customers about Lightspeed commitments,” he said, adding “we’re still about a year and a half out from our first launch, but the market just feels like it’s moving in our direction.”

Canada’s MDA is under contract to build 198 satellites for Lightspeed, which Starlink owner SpaceX is scheduled to deploy across 14 launches within a year, starting from mid-2026.

Isar #Aerospace’s first Spectrum launch fails ,

#WASHINGTON — The first launch of Isar Aerospace’ Spectrum rocket failed March 30 when the vehicle lost attitude control seconds after liftoff and plummeted back to Earth, but the company still considered the launch a successful test flight.

The Spectrum rocket lifted off from Andøya Spaceport in northern Norway at 6:30 a.m. Eastern on the first orbital launch attempt by a commercial entity from continental Europe outside Russia. Weather conditions had postponed the launch by more than a week. The company had a launch period of March 20 through March 31 set by a license the company received from Norwegian regulators March 17.

The vehicle soared into clear skies, but appeared to lose attitude control about 25 seconds after liftoff, shortly after the announcer for the company’s launch webcast said the vehicle would make a pitchover maneuver, designed to allow the rocket to gain horizontal speed as well as altitude.

Within five seconds, the vehicle completely pitched over and started descending. While the webcast cut away from the rocket, an explosion could be heard on the broadcast about 10 seconds later. Video from VG, a Norwegian publication, showed the rocket hitting the surface near the pad and exploding.

Company executives said in a call with reporters about four hours after liftoff that the vehicle activated its flight termination system, which shuts off the #rocket’s engines, at the T+30 second mark. The vehicle then fell in an “aerodynamic, stable phase” into a planned zone in waters near the pad, said Alexandre Dalloneau, vice president of mission and launch operations.

“The pad looks healthy, which is good,” said Daniel Metzler, chief executive of Isar Aerospace, on the call.

Officials declined to speculate on what caused the vehicle to lose control. “We saw that the vehicle was tumbling, so there was some form of loss of control,” Metzler said. He said it would be at least a few days before the company could review the data to gain insights on the potential cause, part of a “proper investigation” that will include Andøya Spaceport and Norwegian regulators.

Despite failing half a minute after liftoff, Isar Aerospace called the test flight, which it named “Going Full Spectrum,” a success. “It was a success because we met all of the objectives that we had for that flight,” he argued. “We didn’t reach orbit but we learned a ton from it, and it sets us up very well for the second flight that’s ahead of us.”

“With this test, we were able to gather a substantial amount of flight data to apply on our future missions,” said Dalloneau, who previously oversaw Ariane, Soyuz and Vega launches from French Guiana. “Even if I would say the end of the mission was spectacular, I would say — and I insist on that due to my previous experience — it was still a success.”

“We never expected that we would get to orbit” on this test flight, Metzler said on the call. “We set out to gather data primarily, and that is something that we have successfully achieved. We gathered tons of data.”

The second Spectrum rocket is “quite progressed” in production, but he said it was too early to say when the company might be ready for a second launch as it analyzes the data from this flight. “We’ll make the adjustments that are necessary and try to be back with vehicle number two on the pad as early as possible.”

“We’re super happy,” he said of the flight. “It’s a time for people to be proud of, for Europe, frankly, also to be proud of.”

French space propulsion firm ThrustMe expands U.S. footprint .

ThrustMe, a satellite propulsion company based in France, is making a strategic push into the U.S. space market, securing a roster of new American customers.

The company announced Feb. 4 it has signed deals with a diverse set of U.S. firms, including Starfish Space, Astro Digital, Magellan Aerospace, Lumen Orbit, Oligo Space, Turion Space, and Terran Orbital, a subsidiary of defense giant Lockheed Martin.

Founded in 2017, ThrustMe specializes in miniaturized, iodine-fueled electric propulsion systems for small satellites. The company in 2021 performed the first on-orbit tests of an iodine-fueled electric propulsion system. The demonstration proved that iodine could be a viable propellant for electric propulsion systems, leading ThrustMe to begin the commercialization of the system.

ThrustMe began industrial-scale production in mid-2023. Since then, the company has delivered more than 150 propulsion systems, with 67 already operational in orbit, according to Ane Aanesland, ThrustMe’s co-founder and chief executive.

“North America is known for its highly competitive space industry, where international companies often face difficulties establishing themselves,” Aanesland said in a statement. “Securing these customers demonstrates our ability to meet the growing demand for innovative propulsion solutions.”

Pangea #Aerospace raises Series A round to fund space propulsion work .

Spanish propulsion startup Pangea Aerospace has raised 23 million euros ($25 million) to further development of advanced rocket engines for use in launch vehicles and spacecraft.

Pangea said its Series A round was led by Hyperion Fund, a Madrid-based firm focused on aerospace, cyber and defense. Several other firms and individuals participated in the round, including André-Hubert Roussel, former chief executive of ArianeGroup.

The funds will allow Pangea, based in Barcelona and with offices in Toulouse, France, to accelerate its growth in the European market for propulsion systems, seeking both institutional and private customers. That includes plans to expand manufacturing and testing facilities.

Pangea is known for its work on aerospike engines, a technology that promises greater efficiency but which has long been technically challenging to develop. The company tested a prototype of one aerospike engine design, leveraging 3D-printing technologies, in 2021.

The company said in its March 18 announcement of the funding round that it has eight active contracts with companies and institutions. That includes contracts with the European Space Agency to study designs of high-thrust engines for use on future European reusable vehicles as well as how its engine technology could be used on reusable upper stages. None of those designs have flown in space, though.

Pangea sys it remains focused on developing propulsion systems and has no plans to move towards full launch systems or other spacecraft. “It follows a business model similar to Rolls-Royce in the aviation industry, which has already been validated with multiple private clients,” Pangea argues, a reference to the jet engines Rolls-Royce produces for multiple aircraft developers.

That approach is contrary to current business models in launch, where most vehicle developers also produce their own engines, seeking to maximize technical and financial efficiencies. An exception is United Launch Alliance, which uses engines from Blue Origin and L3Harris for its Vulcan Centaur rocket.

The investment in Pangea Aerospace is the first for the Hyperion Fund, which recently announced it closed its first fund at 150 million euros. The fund will support companies in aerospace, defense, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. Hyperion said in a statement that it is in talks with “top firms” in NATO countries on additional investments.

“In this unique geostrategic moment, we support founders and companies that share our vision for strengthening the allies’ technological sovereignty and security leadership,” Hyperion said in its announcement of closing the fund.

French #VLEO 5G startup strikes telecoms infrastructure partnership ,

TAMPA, Fla. — French satellite broadband startup CTO has teamed up with TDF, which operates France’s largest network of carrier-neutral hosting sites, to help integrate its proposed very low Earth orbit (VLEO) 5G services with terrestrial telcos.

The companies announced an agreement March 20 to test the feasibility of using cellular frequencies from telecom partners to deliver VLEO services to user terminals, which CTO (Constellation Technologies & Operations) is developing in-house.

CTO founder and CEO Charles Delfieux said the agreement also paves the way for the venture to deploy gateways at TDF sites, supporting backhaul services and emergency communications between satellite and terrestrial networks.

“Beyond infrastructure, CTO and TDF share a common vision: to serve as neutral hosts for telecom operators — TDF on the ground, CTO from space,” Delfieux said via email.

Scaling VLEO services

CTO secured about $10 million from a French state-backed seed fund and Expansion Ventures last year toward plans to deploy 1500 small satellites 375 kilometers above Earth.

Satellites at this altitude could enable faster communications and smaller user terminals compared with higher orbits such as LEO, where SpaceX’s Starlink network operates, but they also contend with greater atmospheric drag and other operational challenges.

The lowest authorized orbit for Starlink broadband is 525 kilometers, though SpaceX has sought permission to operate at lower altitudes.

Delfieux said CTO remains on track to launch a test payload in June via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rideshare mission, hosted on a spacecraft from Italy’s D-Orbit.

The payload would support initial end-to-end 5G tests from 550 to 600 kilometers above Earth before CTO moves ahead with its VLEO deployment.

CTO plans to deploy its first two 350-kilogram VLEO satellites next year, with the full constellation set to be deployed by 2029 for global service coverage.

Just 36 satellites on the equatorial plane would be enough to provide an initial emergency connectivity service, according to Delfieux, ensuring connectivity even when natural disasters disable ground-based relay antennas.

“In disaster scenarios, our inter-satellite links will allow connectivity to “hop” between islands, or to mainland areas where terrestrial infrastructure remains intact, ensuring continued access via anchor gateways,” he said.

In addition to network integration, he said TDF would provide local expertise and workforce to support rapid connectivity deployments in critical situations.