Space Force chief observes Starship test launch, signaling military interest.


Gen. Chance Saltzman, the U.S. Space Force’s chief of space operations, visited SpaceX’s Starbase facility in Boca Chica this week, and attended the sixth test flight of SpaceX’s Starship rocket on Nov. 19.

Saltzman watched the Starship launch alongside SpaceX founder Elon Musk, President-elect Donald Trump and a number of lawmakers.

A Space Force spokesperson confirmed Saltzman was invited by SpaceX to observe the test flight and participated in two days of program reviews.

“The Department of the Air Force and the U.S. Space Force are monitoring Starship’s progress and look forward to potentially leveraging its capabilities in the future,” the spokesperson said.

The flight test marked a key step in SpaceX’s ambitious plans for the fully reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle.
https://twitter.com/DanScavino/status/1858995829014753522

Starship, when fully assembled with its Super Heavy booster, stands an imposing 400 feet tall. The vehicle is designed to transport both crew and cargo to destinations ranging from Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars.

While no immediate commitments have been made to integrate Starship into military operations, Saltzman’s presence signals military interest in the technology.

The Space Force depends heavily on SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets for national security satellite launches. But Starship, with its massive payload capacity, has the potential to support military logistics and space operations.

One of the most intriguing possibilities under evaluation is using Starship as a rapid global transport system. The Space Force and the Air Force are exploring concepts where Starship could replace traditional military airlift platforms like the C-17 Globemaster III, potentially delivering personnel and cargo to any point on Earth in under an hour.

One potential scenario involves using Starship as a mass transportation platform to launch satellites into low Earth orbit, with subsequent orbital transfer vehicles taking the payloads to their final destinations.

Space Force chief calls for greater focus on ‘space superiority’.

In pointed remarks that emphasized the military nature of America’s newest service branch, the head of the U.S. Space Force called on its members to embrace their role as warriors in space.

Speaking March 3 at the Air & Space Forces Association’s Warfare Conference in Aurora, Colorado, Gen. Chance Saltzman, chief of space operations, insisted that guardians — as Space Force personnel are known — must view themselves as war fighters on par with their counterparts in other military branches.

“We must think of space as a war fighting domain, rather than just a collection of support activities,” Saltzman said.

Saltzman’s remarks come in the wake of a recent report that called into question the Space Force’s “warfighting ethos,” suggesting the service has prioritized defensive satellite protection over developing offensive capabilities needed to deter adversaries.
Focus on space control

The ability to contest and dominate the domain during conflicts is what the Space Force strives for, he said.

“Space control is how the Space Force achieves space superiority,” Saltzman said, meaning the ability to contest and control the space domain during conflict, allowing the United States to operate without interference while denying adversaries the same advantage.

“Domain control is the special province of war fighters, a unique responsibility that only military services hold. It is the thing that distinguishes the Navy from the Merchant Marine and the Air Force from Southwest Airlines.”

Saltzman made clear this control function is what separates the Space Force from civilian space agencies, commercial satellite operators, and even the service’s own historical roots.

“It’s not enough to just deliver services from orbit anymore,” he said. “It’s not enough to monitor health and status in a benign environment, to design satellites to last in the harsh environment of space. While this is still necessary, it’s no longer sufficient.”

Space control capabilities would employ both kinetic and non-kinetic means to affect adversary space systems through disruption, degradation, and potentially destruction if necessary, according to Saltzman. These capabilities could be used “for both offensive and defensive purposes at the direction of combatant commands.”

Saltzman noted that space control represents “a new function for our fledgling service” and identified it as his “number one priority” when speaking with executive and legislative leaders.

“Historically, we’ve avoided talking too much about space control,” he admitted. “But why would you have a military space service if not to execute space control? If we’re going to truly embrace our status as space war fighters, then we need to also embrace our fundamental responsibility for space control.”

He announced that the Space Force will soon publish new doctrine and guidance on space control, urging all guardians to read “Space Force doctrine document one” as soon as it becomes available.
Call for field innovation

While reinforcing the strategic direction, Saltzman also called on field units to take initiative rather than waiting for headquarters to solve all challenges related to training and readiness.

“At headquarters we are not living the mission day to day,” he noted. “The space staff simply does not have the same level of understanding, awareness or daily insight to direct the activities for readiness.”

While promising to continue development of better training systems, ranges and simulators, he challenged guardians: “You cannot afford to wait on the headquarters to deliver better answers. I need guardians in the field to find a way.”

The establishment of the Space Force in December 2019 was driven by concerns over growing threats in space, particularly from China and Russia, which have been developing counterspace weapons.

“We must be ready to contest and control our domain,” Saltzman concluded, “to overcome threats and outwit a thinking opponent, to build our systems to withstand a determined adversary — in short, to be space-minded war fighters.”

Spire Global established two-way optical communications for the first time between two six-unit cubesats.

The cubesats, equipped with an optical communications payload about the size of a tissue box, transmitted data as far as 5,000 kilometers.

“Precisely pointing two satellites, across distances equivalent of New York to London,” to establish an optical link is a “significant milestone for Spire,” John E. Ward, Spire senior director of research & development, said in a statement. “This achievement places us among a select group of organizations capable of developing and deploying this advanced technology and overcoming the complexities of aligning satellites separated by thousands of kilometers in Low Earth Orbit. Integrating this technology into our future fleet will enhance resilience, improve security, and reduce latency for critical applications.”

The ability to share data quickly and securely through an optical intersatellite link (OISL) could benefit a variety of space-based missions from weather forecasting and global communications to environmental monitoring and navigation, according to the March 3 news release.

“Our OISL payload is the smallest on the market, allowing us to deploy this technology on our small satellites while delivering performance previously achievable only with much larger systems,” Thomas Carroll, Spire Applied Optics leader, said in a statement. “This breakthrough has the potential to enhance our data and Space Services solutions, especially for applications that require continuous coverage with fast and secure data relay.”

The optical intersatellite links were demonstrated by cubesats launched in 2023. Spire plans to launch three additional Lemur cubesats with OISL technology this year, including two contracted with Exolaunch to fly within days on the SpaceX Transporter-13 rideshare.

The European Space Agency’s Advanced Research in Telecommunications Services (ARTES) Pioneer Partnership Project helped fund Spire OISL technology. Additional support was provided by the UK Space Agency.

“Through our ARTES Pioneer Partnership Project, we have supported Spire in the development of a new OISL capability for their space data service network,” Clive Edwards, ESA Pioneer Implementation Manager, said in a statement. “This OISL system is set to transform satellite communications, offering enhanced security and efficiency for space-based data transmission.”

SAN FRANCISCO – Earth-observation startup Albedo won a U.S. Air Force Strategic Funding Increase (STRATFI) contract with a potential value of $12 million.

The contract announced March 3 supports Albedo’s campaign to send satellites into very low Earth orbit (VLEO) to gather visible and thermal imagery.

“VLEO represents a fundamental paradigm shift in space architecture, breaking the traditional tradeoff between exquisite capability and proliferated architectures,” Albedo CEO Topher Haddad said in a statement. “As counterspace threats grow and [low-Earth orbit] becomes increasingly congested, Albedo’s VLEO approach delivers the optimal economics for exquisite capabilities – high performance at costs that enable constellation resilience.”
Gaining Clarity

Albedo’s first satellite, the phone-booth sized Clarity-1, is scheduled to launch within days on the SpaceX Transporter 13 rideshare. Clarity-1 is designed to collect 10-centimeter visible imagery and thermal infrared imagery with a resolution of two meters per pixel.

Government and commercial satellite operators are developing satellites to operate in VLEO to obtain high-resolution imagery, avoid congested regions of low-Earth orbit and speed up communications with airborne and ground systems.

“We’re honored to pioneer this untapped orbital regime and help establish U.S. dominance in this strategic domain,” Haddad said.

Under the STRATFI contract from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Albedo will share data and provide analysis of VLEO operations “to support the development of new missions and payloads beyond its own optical sensors,” according to the news release. For example, Albedo will deliver data on GNSS telemetry, on-orbit performance, satellite drag and atmospheric density. Denver-based Albedo also will share information gathered by onboard atomic-oxygen sensors and technology to assess image-quality, pointing performance and spacecraft agility.

Albedo’s Precision satellite bus is designed for VLEO with autonomous protective modes for solar events, efficient electric propulsion, advanced guidance, navigation and control sensors and actuators, and a modular interface to accommodate various payloads.

The STRATFI program matches government and private investment. The government typically provides $3 million to $15 million. STRATFI agreements are designed to help small businesses transition technologies from research and development to production.

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K2 Space raises $110 million to scale up satellite production.

K2 Space, a satellite manufacturing startup aiming to disrupt the industry with lower-cost, high-capacity spacecraft, has raised $110 million in a Series B funding round co-led by Lightspeed Venture Partners and Altimeter Capital.

The round, announced on Feb. 13, also saw participation from existing investors, including Alpine Space Ventures and First Round Capital, bringing the California-based company’s total equity raised to $180 million since its founding in 2022.

The fresh capital injection will help K2 Space accelerate production of its “Mega” class satellite buses that the company claims can be built for under $15 million per unit with lead times of less than three months. K2 Space and its investors are betting that as launch costs continue to decline, the industry will move toward larger satellites, countering the recent trend favoring small satellite constellations.

“Advanced space capabilities can’t be built on small, low-powered platforms,” said Karan Kunjur, CEO of K2 Space, “but higher capability satellites have been far too expensive for most proliferated applications.”

Military mission planned for 2026

The U.S. Space Force is already showing interest. K2 Space is developing its first government mission, dubbed Gravitas, under a $60 million Strategic Funding Increase (STRATFI) agreement, with the Space Force and venture investors each contributing $30 million. The mission, scheduled to launch on SpaceX’s Transporter-16 rideshare in 2026, will deploy multiple national security payloads in low Earth orbit before maneuvering into medium Earth orbit, a region requiring advanced radiation-hardened capabilities.

Beyond funding, K2 Space is expanding its physical footprint. The company announced plans to open a 180,000-square-foot factory in Torrance, California, a move aimed at scaling production, increasing in-house component manufacturing, and growing its workforce.

In a bid to strengthen its defense business, K2 Space hired former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy John Plumb as its new head of strategy.

Blue Ghost 1 enters lunar orbit as Resilience flies by the moon.

WASHINGTON — One commercial lunar lander has entered orbit around the moon while another, launched at the same time, has performed a lunar flyby to set up a later return.

Firefly Aerospace confirmed Feb. 13 that its Blue Ghost 1 lander entered orbit around the moon, performing a 4-minutes, 15-second burn of its reaction control system thrusters starting at 8:51 p.m. Eastern.

The company did not disclose specifics about the orbit but amateur trackers, monitoring its radio signals, estimated that the spacecraft is in an orbit between 150 and 5,673 kilometers above the moon. Firefly said the lander will perform additional maneuvers to move into a circular orbit to prepare for its landing attempt.

That landing is scheduled for 3:45 a.m. Eastern March 2, the company and NASA announced Feb. 14. Blue Ghost 1 is carrying 10 NASA payloads through the agency’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program intended to operate at the landing site near Mare Crisium through the end of the lunar day and several hours after sunset.

Blue Ghost 1 launched Jan. 15 on a Falcon 9, sharing the launch with the Resilience lunar lander from Japanese company ispace. Resilience, the company’s second lander mission, performed a lunar flyby Feb. 14, passing about 8,400 kilometers from the lunar surface at 5:43 p.m. Eastern.

Resilience is following a low-energy trajectory to the moon, one that will take is as far as 1.1 million kilometers from Earth before returning in early May to perform a lunar orbit insertion burn. That will be followed by a landing attempt in the Mare Frigoris region of the moon, although ispace has not disclosed a planned landing date.

“I feel very confident about the Resilience lander, which has steadily achieved milestones and is on track for success, and our employees who have made meticulous preparations for this impressive flyby of the moon,” Takeshi Hakamada, founder and chief executive of ispace, said in a statement.

Both Firefly Aerospace and ispace have outlined milestones and success criteria for their lander mission. For Firefly, achieving lunar orbital insertion was the 10th of 17 milestones from launch to operations of the lander after sunset on the lunar surface. The lunar flyby by Resilience was the fifth of 10 milestones for ispace, from pre-launch preparations to establishing a “steady system state” after landing.

Blue Ghost 1 could end up operating on the lunar surface at the same time as another commercial lander. Intuitive Machines is preparing for a Feb. 26 launch of its IM-2 lunar lander mission at the beginning of a window that runs for four days. IM-2, like the company’s IM-1 lander mission a year ago, is taking more direct route to the moon. Steve Altemus, chief executive of Intuitive Machines, told CNBC Feb. 7 that a launch any day in the window would set up a landing in the Mons Mouton region near the south pole the moon on March 6.

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#Starship upper stage lost on seventh test flight

SpaceX’s seventh Starship/Super Heavy test flight ended prematurely Jan. 16 when the Starship upper stage was apparently lost while ascending into space.

The vehicle lifted off from SpaceX’s Starbase test site at Boca Chica, Texas, at 5:37 p.m. Eastern. The Super Heavy booster ignited its 33 Raptor engines, sending the vehicle into clear skies.

The booster separated about two minutes and 45 seconds after liftoff and headed back towards Starbase. It returned to the launch pad where “chopstick” mechanical arms attached to the sides of the tower caught the booster seven minutes after liftoff, repeating a feat first performed on the vehicle’s fifth flight in October.

While the booster returned, Starship continued to ascend. However, onscreen telemetry showed one of the six Raptor engines on Starship shut down seven minutes and 40 seconds after liftoff, followed by two more engines roughly 20 seconds later. By eight minutes and 25 seconds after liftoff only one Raptor engine was firing, according to the display, and the vehicle’s speed and altitude were no longer updating.

“We had an anomaly with that upper stage,” Dan Huot, one of the hosts of the SpaceX webcast of the launch, said minutes later. “At this point, we are assuming that the ship has been lost.” SpaceX confirmed minutes later that the vehicle had been lost. Video soon appeared on social media showing what may be debris from the vehicle burning up and falling over the Turks and Caicos.

A number of aircraft flying in the vicinity at the time of Starship’s breakup were instructed by flight controllers to go into holding patterns or, in some cases, diverted to other airports to avoid any risk of being struck by falling debris.

“The FAA briefly slowed and diverted aircraft around the area where space vehicle debris was falling,” the Federal Aviation Administration said in a statement. “A Debris Response Area is activated only if the space vehicle experiences an anomaly with debris falling outside of the identified closed aircraft hazard areas.”

The flight was the first of a “block upgrade” for the Starship upper stage. That includes stretching the vehicle by about two meters to a length of 52 meters, accommodating larger propellant tanks that carry 25% more propellant. The vehicle features a “complete redesign” of its avionics with new computers, antennas and power distribution system as well as changes to the forward flaps to reduce heating.

Other changes involve the vehicle’s thermal protection system, with new tiles and a layer underneath that will provide protection in the event of damaged or missing tiles. Some tiles were deliberately removed to stress-test vulnerable areas, while the vehicle intended to some metallic tile options, some incorporating water cooling. Those and other changes are designed to prepare for future flights where SpaceX will attempt to land the Starship upper stage back at the launch site.

SpaceX had planned to perform a Raptor engine relight of Starship while in space and also deploy 10 mass simulators of “V3” versions of Starlink satellites optimized for Starship.

“Preliminary indication is that we had an oxygen/fuel leak in the cavity above the ship engine firewall that was large enough to build pressure in excess of the vent capacity,” SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk posted on X, the social media site he also owns. “Apart from obviously double-checking for leaks, we will add fire suppression to that volume and probably increase vent area. Nothing so far suggests pushing next launch past next month.”

That schedule may be overoptimistic. The loss of Starship will likely lead to the FAA mandating a mishap investigation before allowing SpaceX to resume Starship launches. That could delay the next launch by months even though SpaceX has been rapidly producing hardware for future Starship vehicles as the company seeks to scale up launch rates.

SpaceX was planning to soon launch Starships into orbit, rather than on suborbital test flights like this mission. Those future missions would include an in-space propellant transfer demonstration that is a key milestone for development of the Starship lunar lander SpaceX is developing for NASA’s Artemis lunar exploration campaign.