This small city has the world’s worst air:
Last year, according to Swiss company IQAir, it had the world’s worst air quality.
Here, fumes from factories, exhaust from traffic and dust from construction produce a toxic mix that makes breathing an act of endurance for its 700,000 residents.
“Forget coughing, even breathing is difficult here,” said Manoj Kumar, 45, an e-rickshaw driver, who has lived in Loni his whole life.
Resident Mohammad Mohmin Khan said the pollution is so inescapable that he wears a mask every time he steps onto the city’s poorly paved roads.
“It’s here 24 hours a day,” he said. “No matter where you go.”
To determine the list of most polluted cities, IQ Air looked at fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, one of the smallest but most dangerous pollutants.
Last year, Loni’s average PM2.5 concentration was 112.5, according to IQ Air – 22 times the World Health Organization’s safe limit.
When inhaled, PM2.5 particulates travel deep into lung tissue where it can enter the bloodstream, and has been linked to asthma, heart and lung disease, cancer, and other respiratory illnesses, as well as cognitive impairment in children.
Dr. Anil Singh, who runs a clinic in Loni, said the number of patients he has seen with respiratory issues has increased in the last five years.
“I have particularly seen kids coming at a very young age with the symptoms of early asthma,” he said. “I can clearly say exposure to the environment is one of the prominent factors.”
World’s most polluted cities, 2025
Loni, India
Hotan, China
Byrnihat, India
Delhi, India
Faisalbad, Pakistan
Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
Ghaziabad, India
Lahore, Pakistan
Sukkur, Pakistan
Ula, India
Source: IQ Air World Air Quality Report 2025
Increased sickness
Three of the world’s top five most polluted cities last year were in India, according to IQ Air, with New Delhi once again emerging as the world’s most polluted capital.
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